Cable & installation / REFERENCE GUIDE

Voltage drop,
with the context included.

Voltage drop is the reduction in voltage along a loaded circuit. A useful calculation must represent the actual cable, supply and operating conditions.

What a proper assessment needs

Before this topic can be assessed for a real installation, the person responsible for the design or verification needs to establish the relevant facts:

  • Circuit current and the relevant route length
  • Exact cable construction and manufacturer data
  • Conductor temperature and power factor
  • Single-phase or three-phase arrangement
  • Upstream voltage drop and equipment requirements

Factors to consider

Cable data may already include the return path or the phase relationship. Applying another multiplier can double-count it. Simple resistance-only calculations also omit reactance. Checking one cable run does not establish the total drop from the installation origin to the equipment.

Keep the evidence with the decision

Record the equipment, installation conditions and the source of the data used. Where a manufacturer supplies product-specific instructions or coordination data, the exact product matters. A generic example should not silently replace that information.

For UK installation work, use the applicable edition of BS 7671 together with relevant guidance and manufacturer instructions. The IET’s publication hub is the starting point for current editions and supporting material. This brief does not reproduce the standard or establish compliance with it.

IET · BS 7671 and supporting guidance

Related calculations

Our arithmetic tools show their scope, inputs and formulas explicitly. They can help you understand a relationship between quantities. They cannot replace the installation assessment described above.