Testing & protection / REFERENCE GUIDE

Earth-fault loop impedance,
with the context included.

The earth-fault loop includes the supply and the circuit fault-return path. Both the model and the measurement method matter.

What a proper assessment needs

Before this topic can be assessed for a real installation, the person responsible for the design or verification needs to establish the relevant facts:

  • Earthing arrangement and supply impedance
  • Circuit conductor data and temperature
  • Protective device and disconnection conditions
  • Relevant parallel paths
  • Instrument capabilities and test conditions

Factors to consider

A simplified sum of impedances is not a substitute for establishing the actual loop or assessing the protective device. Resistance estimates and measured loop impedance are not interchangeable in every situation.

Keep the evidence with the decision

Record the equipment, installation conditions and the source of the data used. Where a manufacturer supplies product-specific instructions or coordination data, the exact product matters. A generic example should not silently replace that information.

For UK installation work, use the applicable edition of BS 7671 together with relevant guidance and manufacturer instructions. The IET’s publication hub is the starting point for current editions and supporting material. This brief does not reproduce the standard or establish compliance with it.

IET · BS 7671 and supporting guidance

Related calculations

Our arithmetic tools show their scope, inputs and formulas explicitly. They can help you understand a relationship between quantities. They cannot replace the installation assessment described above.